Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Ethics: Exploring Sharia Principles in Facing Future Technologies

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving and presents ethical issues related to algorithmic fairness, privacy, transparency, accountability, information security, and human dignity. In an Islamic context, these issues require an ethical framework that not only determines whether technology is halal (permissible) or haram (forbidden) but also assesses the purpose, process, benefits, risks, and impacts of its use. This study aims to explore sharia principles relevant to the development of AI and to formulate an Islamic ethical framework for future technology governance. The study uses normative Islamic legal methods with conceptual and bibliographic approaches. The analysis is conducted qualitatively by linking AI ethical issues with Islamic principles maṣlah, 'adl, amanah, ṣidq, lā ḍArar wa lāḍirār, sadd al-dharā'i, and Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah The research results offer an Islamic AI Ethics model consisting of six stages, namely Sharia Foundation, Human Dignity Assessment, Maqāṣid Impact Assessment, Harm and Benefit Assessment, Human Accountability, and Continuous Ethical Governance. This model places sharia as the normative foundation, maqāṣid as a protection orientation, humans as the primary subject, and accountability as a control mechanism. This framework can support the development of AI that is innovative, fair, safe, responsible, and oriented toward the benefit of humanity.