The Role of Agile Leadership in Moderating the Influence of Work Environment and Job Satisfaction on Employees' Turnover Intention of Gen Z in Coffeeshop Businesses

Abstract

Employee turnover has become a critical challenge for the coffeeshop industry, particularly among Generation Z employees who demonstrate relatively high job mobility. This study investigates the effects of the work environment and job satisfaction on turnover intention and examines the moderating role of agile leadership in these relationships. A quantitative research design with a causal approach was employed using survey data collected from Generation Z casual daily workers employed in coffeeshops across Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. Instrument validity and reliability were confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Composite Reliability (CR), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE), demonstrating that all measurement constructs satisfied the recommended psychometric criteria. The findings reveal that the work environment and job satisfaction significantly influence turnover intention. Furthermore, agile leadership significantly moderates the relationship between the work environment and turnover intention as well as the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention.