Combination of Music Therapy and Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Patients with Hypertension: A Case Study

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic condition that commonly occurs in the elderly population. This condition is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it does not show any obvious symptoms until it triggers serious complications such as stroke, heart failure, and kidney dysfunction. In Indonesia, the prevalence rate reaches 34.1% nationally and 68% in Banyumas Regency, with a higher risk in postmenopausal women due to a decrease in estrogen that disrupts blood vessel elasticity. Non-pharmacological complementary therapies, such as music and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), are needed to complement conventional treatment, given the vulnerability of the elderly to multiple medications. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of combined music and PMR therapy in controlling blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. This study uses a case study approach, involving three female patients aged 60–74 years with essential hypertension, without antihypertensive drugs, and able to communicate well (exclusions: cognitive, extremity, or hearing impairment). The main outcome measures were changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), evaluated before and after the intervention, accompanied by qualitative observations. There was an average decrease in SBP of 9.11 mmHg (range 2–14 mmHg) and DBP of 6.11 mmHg (range 1–7 mmHg). Qualitatively, respondents reported increased relaxation, cognitive focus, and decreased complaints such as anxiety and sleep disturbances. The combination therapy of music and PMR was effective in lowering blood pressure and providing psychosocial benefits in elderly hypertensive patients.