The History of Samalona Island: From the Colonial Period to the Tourism Era

Abstract

This study aims to trace the historical development of Samalona Island from the colonial period to the tourism era. The researchers employed a historical method with a qualitative approach. The findings highlight several important aspects of Samalona Island’s role in South Sulawesi’s history. First, its strategic location in the Makassar Strait served as a vital trade route connecting South Sulawesi with other regions of Nusantara (present-day Indonesia). This geographic location made the island a key point for trade and maritime navigation from the colonial period to the present. Second, the island played a role in defense and security, given its position in waters frequently contested by local powers and colonial forces. Samalona Island once served as a defense and security base for the kingdoms of South Sulawesi, particularly the Gowa-Tallo Kingdom. The island played a crucial role in protecting this kingdom from enemy attacks and other threats. When the Dutch East India Company (VOC) rose to power, Samalona shifted into an observation post and a Dutch maritime patrol base. Colonial control over the Makassar seas restricted local communities from accessing Samalona. Third, beyond its defensive function, Samalona also became an important fishing center for the people of Gowa and Makassar. After Indonesia’s independence, the island gradually transformed into a tourist destination. The historical trajectory of Samalona reflects spatial contestations, unequal access, ecological exploitation, and strategies for preserving maritime tourism. By highlighting the relationship between humans and the sea as a cultural dimension, this article argues for repositioning Samalona within history-based preservation policies and spatial justice frameworks.